Physical characteristics of a high-quality emerald include:

High-quality emeralds can be identified by their green hue. To evaluate an emerald gemstones, a piece must be significantly green in color, ranging from bluish-green to green to slightly yellowish green.The most critical factor of an emerald or panna stone price is that it exhibits a rich and vibrant green color with even color zoning. Green beryl describes stones with a light tone or low saturation.

Durability- Emerald stone has a Mohs hardness range of 7.5 to 8, which is considered excellent hardness for jewelry. In contrast, most emeralds include many inclusions or surface-reaching fissures. These can deteriorate the gem, making it weak and brittle. It's unusual to find an emerald without noticeable inclusions or surface-reaching fractures. When examined through a low-power objective, most emerald stones are said to have a "garden" of inclusions. The vast majority of cut gemstones are treated with oils, waxes, polymers, or other substances that penetrate fissures and limit visibility. These treatments may enhance the diamond's beauty, but they rarely improve its durability, and the stone may discolour or disintegrate with time.

Chemical formula- Beryl is a rare mineral with the chemical formula Be3Al2(SiO3). Emeralds' green colour is caused by trace amounts of chromium or vanadium.

Treatment- There are techniques that craftspeople are familiar with and have accepted, as well as therapies that aren't as well known. After being completed and cut by lapidaries, most emeralds are treated with oil. To promote emerald gemstone stability and clarity, oil is injected into surface-reaching fissures, cracks, and fractures. Traders tolerate this practice despite the fact that it reduces the value of naturally brilliant emerald stones. Another procedure has been detected on the marketplace, although connoisseurs do not approve of it. Green oil is injected into the stone, changing its colour and increasing its consistency and transparency.

Carat: Unlike other gemstones, the price of an emerald does not grow with its carat weight. Emeralds in large sizes are extremely rare. As a result, they command a higher price. This, however, is not always the case. It is still preferable to have a smaller stone with a deep and rich hue than a larger stone with an inferior colour or clarity. On the market today, emeralds range in size from 0.001 carats to 200 carats. Emerald crystals are hexagonal in nature, with varieties of green beryl. 

Clarity- The clarity of an emerald or panna stone refers to how the gem appears on the inside, which is what distinguishes it from other gemstones. Inclusions are minute particles of other minerals, gases, liquids, and crystals picked up by emeralds during the crystallisation process. Approximately all genuine emeralds will have these features.

Inclusions: Inclusions in emeralds can occasionally be spotted without a magnifying lens or a microscope. What other stones consider "flaws" or "imperfections" are quite natural in emeralds, and it's one of the things we look for when we inspect them under magnifying glasses.

When inclusions are near the surface of a gem, they might diminish its durability and value. Fractures may occur as a result of inclusions in the emerald. If any of these inclusions are close to the surface, the stone will simply break through. The value of the gem increases as the number of inclusions decreases. However, clarity is essential when valuing an emerald.

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